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Joachim MURAT Cavalier et ROI ! Né le 25 Mars 1767 à La Bastide-Murat, Mort au Pizzo le 13 Octobre 1815. La rencontre en 1795 à Paris avec Bonaparte change le cours de la vie de ce fils d'aubergiste du Lot, A brilliant French cavalry officer, Joachim Murat, b. Mar. 25, 1767, d. Oct. 13, 1815, became marshal of France and king of Naples under Napoleon Bonaparte (see NAPOLEON I). Murat studied theology at Toulouse but joined a cavalry regiment in 1787. He aided Bonaparte on 13 Vendemiaire (Oct. 5, 1795) in defending the National Convention. He served Bonaparte in Italia and Egypt and then helped him seize power on 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9, 1799). In 1800 he married Bonaparte's sister Caroline. Murat led the cavalry at Marengo (1800) and was made a marshal in 1804. He took part in the battles of Ulm (1805), Austerlitz (1805), and Jena (1806) and was named (1806) grand duke of Berg and Cleves. After engaging the Russians at Eylau and Friedland (1807), he directed the occupation of Spain (1808). As king of Naples (1808-15), Murat introduced social and economic reforms. He headed Napoleon's Grand Army during the retreat from Russia (1812) but fled to Naples to protect his throne. Following Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (1813), Murat negotiated an armistice with Austria to protect his own Neapolitan throne, but Austria later withdrew its support and defeated his army at Tolentino (1815). When he returned from Elba in 1815, Napoleon rejected Murat's services. Murat later attempted to reconquer Naples but was captured, tried, and shot. Donald D. Horward Bibliography: Atteridge, A. Hilliard, Joachim Murat, Marshal of France and King of Naples (1911); Cole, Hubert, The Betrayers: Joachim and Caroline Murat (1972); Connelly, Owen, Napoleon's Satellite Kingdoms (1965); Espitalier, Albert, Napoleon and King Murat (1912). |
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